ABSTRACT Introduction Nursing is one of the professions with high Burnout levels, taking into account that it is subjected to constant situations of emotional exhaustion and stress. It is essential to invest in Burnout prevention strategies for Nurses, since high levels of stress jeopardize the quality and effectiveness of their work, and consequently have a strong impact on patients' health and in their own quality of life. Occupational Health plays an important role in the prevention, identification and control of Burnout levels in Nurses. Objectives and Methodology To this end, we conducted a review using the B-on and SciELO databases, including articles published between january 2015 and march 2022, in portuguese and english, which addressed Burnout prevention strategies among Nurses. The following descriptors/terms were used: Burnout, Prevention Strategies and Nurses, which were combined with the boolean operator AND. Seven articles were selected for further analysis of evidence. Results The prevention of Burnout syndrome in Nurses requires the adoption of strategies, both at the individual and organizational levels. Nurses should develop the ability to self-monitor stress and self-recognize the signs and symptoms of Burnout, with a view to promoting their mental health and well-being. The organization has the possibility to create the necessary conditions for a healthier and less stress-promoting workplace. Strategies such as resilience training, frequent yoga practice, promotion of self-care, engagement and encouragement of mental health promotion were identified, and it was found that Nursing teams with mental health empowered members are able to perform higher quality and more effective functions. Conclusions It is crucial to study this topic more, since with the appropriate strategies focused on the prevention of Burnout syndrome, there is a noticeable decrease in stress levels among Nursing team members, and consequently an improvement in the quality of care provided.

RESUMO Introdução A Enfermagem é considerada como uma das profissões com níveis de Burnout elevados, tendo em conta que se encontra sujeita a constantes situações de exaustão emocional e stress. É fulcral apostar em estratégias de prevenção, pois elevados níveis de stress colocam em causa a qualidade e a eficácia do trabalho prestado, tendo consequentemente um forte impacto na saúde dos doentes e na sua própria qualidade de vida. A Saúde Ocupacional desempenha um papel importante na prevenção, na identificação e no controlo dos níveis de Burnout nos Enfermeiros. Objetivos e Metodologia Com este trabalho pretende-se identificar as estratégias existentes na prevenção do Burnout nos Enfermeiros, para isso, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura, com pesquisa em bases de dados acedidas através da plataforma B-on e da base de dados SciELO, incluindo artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2015 e março de 2022, em língua portuguesa e inglesa e que abordassem as estratégias na prevenção do Burnout nos Enfermeiros. Utilizaram-se os descritores Mesh: Burnout, Prevention Strategies e Nurses, os quais foram conjugados com o operador booleano AND. Foram selecionados sete artigos para posterior análise. Resultados A prevenção da síndrome de Burnout nos Enfermeiros passa pela aposta na adoção de estratégias, tanto a nível individual, como organizacional. O Enfermeiro deve desenvolver a capacidade de autocontrolo do stress e de autorreconhecimento dos sinais e sintomas de Burnout, com vista a promover a sua saúde mental e o seu bem-estar. A organização tem a possibilidade de criar as condições necessárias para um local de trabalho mais saudável e menos promotor de stress. Foram identificadas estratégias como o treino de resiliência, prática de yoga, promoção do autocuidado, comprometimento organizacional e incentivo à promoção da saúde mental, verificando-se que equipas de Enfermagem com elementos mais capacitados em saúde mental conseguem desempenhar funções de maior qualidade e eficácia. Conclusões É fulcral o estudo crescente desta temática, uma vez que com estratégias adequadas e focadas na prevenção da síndrome de Burnout, poder-se-á diminuir os níveis de stress nos elementos das equipas de Enfermagem e consequentemente uma melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados prestados.

ABSTRACT The FIFA Men’s World Cup (FWC) is the most important football (soccer) competition, attracting worldwide attention. A popular practice among football fans in Brazil is to organize contests in which each participant informs guesses on the final score of each match. The participants are then ranked according to some scoring rule. Inspired by these contests, we created a website to hold an online contest, in which participants were asked for their probabilities on the outcomes of upcoming matches of the FWC. After each round of the tournament, the ranking of all participants based on a proper scoring rule was published. In this article we estimate, by means of simulations, the ability of the best forecasters of our contest, considering that their good performances could be due to randomness. We also study the performance of some methods to aggregate individual forecasts, in order to study if some sort of wisdom of crowds (WOC) phenomenon was verified in the contest.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de adultos com sequelas de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e identificar os fatores que influenciam os domínios da QVRS. MÉTODO: Adultos com AVC admitidos para programa de reabilitação de março a agosto de 2008, investigados com os seguintes instrumentos: SF-36, Medida de Independência Funcional e Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Foram estudados 64 adultos, média de idade de 58,8 anos. RESULTADOS: Os indivíduos com maior tempo de lesão, mais independentes e jovens tiveram melhor QVRS na capacidade funcional. Participação social foi associada com melhor QVRS, e houve diferença entre os grupos com e sem sintomas depressivos. CONCLUSÃO: QVRS foi comprometida principalmente em seus aspectos funcionais. Por outro lado, a presença de sintomas depressivos contribuiu para a piora da QVRS. A reabilitação deve buscar a melhora da funcionalidade/participação social, o que pode contribuir na redução de sintomas depressivos e a melhora da QVRS.

OBJECTIVE: To assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among adults with stroke sequelae and to identify the factors that influenced the domains of HRQoL. METHOD: The subjects were adults with stroke who were admitted to a rehabilitation program between March and August 2008. They were investigated using the following instruments: Medical Outcomes 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Sixty-four adults of mean age 58.8 years were evaluated. RESULTS: The individuals who had had their injuries for longer times and who were more independent and younger had better HRQoL regarding physical functioning. Social participation was associated with better HRQoL, and there was a difference between groups with and without depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: HRQoL was compromised primarily with regard to functional characteristics. Moreover, the presence of depressive symptoms contributed towards a decline in HRQoL. Rehabilitation needs to focus on improving functionality and social participation, which may stimulate reductions in depressive symptoms and improvement of HRQoL.

This paper presents a methodology to simulate a small-scale fuel cell system for power generation using biomass gas as fuel. The methodology encompasses the thermodynamic and electrochemical aspects of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), as well as solves the problem of chemical equilibrium in complex systems. In this case the complex system is the internal reforming of biomass gas to produce hydrogen. The fuel cell input variables are: operational voltage, cell power output, composition of the biomass gas reforming, thermodynamic efficiency, electrochemical efficiency, practical efficiency, the First and Second law efficiencies for the whole system. The chemical compositions, molar flows and temperatures are presented to each point of the system as well as the exergetic efficiency. For a molar water/carbon ratio of 2, the thermodynamic simulation of the biomass gas reforming indicates the maximum hydrogen production at a temperature of 1070 K, which can vary as a function of the biomass gas composition. The comparison with the efficiency of simple gas turbine cycle and regenerative gas turbine cycle shows the superiority of SOFC for the considered electrical power range.

Studies were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the growth regulator, triflumuron (TFM) (Starycide® sc 480 Bayer), for disrupting the development of Rhodnius prolixus fifth-instar nymph by oral, topical or continuous treatment. All treatments were able to induce high levels of mortality, delay development and molt inhibition. Oral treatment induced molt inhibition in all insects that survived at doses of 0.25, 0.50 and 5.0 mg/mL of a blood meal. The highest levels of both mortality in 24 h and molt inhibition were always observed after topical treatment. The lowest doses needed to obtain considerable biological effects were always observed after continuous treatment. In this way, the highest levels of mortality within 30 days were detected after continuous treatment, which also induced an extended inter-molting period, a lower number of over-aged nymphs and the highest level of molting in nymphs that survived. Moreover, the effects of TFM on insects were often displayed in a dose response manner. These results indicate that TFM acts as a potent growth inhibitor of R. prolixus nymphs and has the potential to be used in integrated vector control programs against hematophagous triatomine species.

Diversos fatores interferem no desempenho e na vida-útil do revestimento refratário em unidades de calcinação de alumina. O desconhecimento das melhores práticas de seleção e qualificação dos materiais para esta aplicação foi a força motriz para este trabalho. Foram caracterizados dois materiais comerciais aplicados por projeção (um via wet-shotcrete e outro por dry-gunning), indicados para o revestimento refratário dos vasos e dutos de calcinadores de alumina. Tais técnicas são importantes, uma vez que reduzem o tempo de aplicação e o lucro cessante da unidade. Os materiais em análise foram submetidos a baterias de testes laboratoriais, os quais seguem normas técnicas internacionais. Os ensaios foram divididos segundo a representatividade das solicitações que ocorrem no revestimento em operação, e os resultados obtidos foram usados para avaliar o seu potencial desempenho. O embasamento técnico e científico utilizado neste trabalho pôde orientar o desenvolvimento, a seleção e a aplicação de novas cerâmicas refratárias para o revestimento interno de calcinadores, com o objetivo de elevar a vida-útil, a disponibilidade e a confiabilidade das unidades, possibilitando diminuir o custo com manutenções.

Several aspects are important to define the working life of refractory lining for alumina calcinations units. The lack of knowledge of the best selection practices and qualification of the materials for this application have been the driving force of this work. Two commercial materials applied by projection (wet-shotcrete and dry-gunning) were characterized. Both are usual standards of refractories for lining vessels and pipes of alumina fluid-flash calciners. All the materials analyzed were submitted to laboratorial tests, which follow international technical standards. The tests were divided in indispensable, necessary and occasional, according to the importance of the solicitations of the refractory lining under operation. The technical and scientific knowledge applied in this work can guide the development, the selection and the application of new refractory castables for the internal lining of alumina fluid-flash calciners, increasing their working life, productivity and the reliability of the units, and reducing the maintenance costs.

A composição do óleo essencial de Lippia alba apresenta variação quantitativa e qualitativa, levando à separação em quimiotipos. O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o óleo essencial de folhas de três quimiotipos de Lippia alba, provenientes de diferentes regiões do Brasil, cultivados em condições semelhantes, a fim de verificar se as diferenças na composição do óleo devem-se a fatores ambientais ou a variação genética infraespecífica e se a floração influencia o rendimento e a composição do óleo. Os quimiotipos produtores de citral, carvona e linalol, foram denominados Lippia alba 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Os óleos essenciais foram extraídos por hidrodestilação de folhas e analisados por cromatografia com fase gasosa e cromatografia com fase gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas. O melhor rendimento foi obtido das plantas no estágio vegetativo. A composição do óleo essencial manteve-se inalterada para os três quimiotipos após cultivo em condições semelhantes e também não variou qualitativamente durante o crescimento vegetativo e floração. Os dados obtidos reforçam a idéia que as diferenças na composição do óleo essencial dos quimiotipos refletem variações genotípicas entre as plantas e que a extração de óleo essencial de L. alba deve ser efetuada na fase de crescimento vegetativo, quando é maior o rendimento do óleo e a porcentagem dos componentes majoritários.

The composition of Lippia alba essential oil varies in a manner that different chemotypes are recognized. This work deals with the analysis of the essential oil from three chemotypes of L. alba from different regions of Brazil, cultivated in similar conditions, to verify if the differences in their chemical composition can be due to environmental conditions or may be due to infra-specific genetic variation. The influence of flowering was investigated regarding essential oil yield and composition. The chemotypes producing citral, carvone and linalol were denominated chemotypes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves, at flowering and vegetative growth stages. Essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A better yield was obtained from plants at vegetative stage. The composition of the essential oils remained unchanged after cultivation in the same conditions, and did not vary qualitatively during flowering and vegetative periods. Relative percentages of the major compounds changed during flowering period. Data obtained allow us to reinforce the idea that differences in the essential oil composition of the three chemotypes are due to genotypic variations and that the essential oil extraction during the vegetative period enables a better yield and higher percentages of the major compounds.